Explain the reasons for the coming up of slums in developing countries like India with suitable examples.

OR

Explain the causes and consequences of Rural-Urban migration in India with suitable examples.

Slums or jhopris are colonies of the shanty, poorly built houses.

a. These colonies are occupied by people who shift to urban centres in search of livelihood but fail to cope up with the rising costs of living.

b. These areas are environmentally inhospitable and lack in a lot of basics such as hygiene, clean drinking water etc.

c. This is a critical problem in countries like India, where people migrate unthinkingly and have to face these adverse situations as a result.

OR

Migration is a response to uneven opportunities in space.

The two factors causing migration are-

Push factors: Factors which make people move out of a given region.

Pull factors: Factors which attract people to a particular place.

Causes for rural-urban migration in India:

The prospects of better living, higher pay, and varieties of jobs attract people from rural to urban areas.

Consequences of migration:

a. Economic consequences- Unregulated migration boosts the formation of slums, which can cause an economic crisis.

b. Demographic consequences- Migration leads to redistribution of population.

c. Social consequences- Migrants act as agents of social change.

d. Environmental consequences- social and physical infrastructure has been put at risk due to social change.