How is ethanoic acid obtained from ethanol? Write down the chemical equation of the reaction involved.

40 What is meant by a substitution reaction? Give an example (with equation) of the substitution reaction of an alkane. 40 How is soap made? Write a word equation involved in soap making. 41 How would you distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid by chemical test? 41 Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.