Q53 of 312 Page 265

When a vegetable oil is treated with hydrogen in the presence of nickel (or palladium) catalyst, it forms a fat. This is an example of:

The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to obtain a saturated hydrocarbon is called hydrogenation. This reaction is commonly used in hydrogenation of vegetable oil into vegetable ghee (solid fat)

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51 When ethanol is heated with alkaline potassium permanganate solution, it gets converted into ethanoic acid. In this reaction, alkaline potassium permanganate acts as : 52 When ethanol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 170 �C, it gets converted into ethene. In this reaction, concentrated sulphuric acid acts as : 54 The soap molecule has a: 55 Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the: