Q22 of 27 Page 1

Explain any three factors that are responsible for the failure of building a stable democratic rule in Pakistan.

OR


Describe the series of events that led to the formation of Bangladesh.

Immediately after the independence, the first constitution was framed in which General Ayub Khan took over the administration of the country and soon got himself elected. After the few, he had to give up the office for the popular dissatisfaction against his rule. This created a way to the takeover by the military once again under General Yahya Khan.


There are several factors which contributed to Pakistan's Failure in building in the peaceful democracy in the country. They are:


• Establishment of military democracy by overthrowing the elected governments. This has led to the supremacy of the military and clergy system in the country.


• The conflict of Pakistan with India is another reason. This has led to an increase in the pro-military groups more powerful in the country. The agenda of this group of a pro-military group is that these political parties and democracy are defective for Pakistan and safekeeping Pakistan is their main agenda.


• There is a lack of authenticity for the democratic rule in Pakistan by the international authorities has further encouraged the military rule in the country.


• The U.S and other western countries have also encouraged military rule in Pakistan for their own purposes. This also has contributed to the military rule in Pakistan.


OR


Currently, Bangladesh is an independent country but it was stated which was part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. There many serious events that has led to the formation of Bangladesh as the Independent nation from Pakistan. They are:


• Pakistan's domination and the strong imposition of the Urdu language on the people in this region. This led to the emergence of the protest against the unfair practice of Pakistan on the Bengali's culture and language.


• The people in Bangladesh demanded fair and peaceful administration and a reasonable share of political power. Later, the struggle was rooted up against the Western Pakistan domination and that struggle was led by the Sheikh MujiburRahman. He demanded the autonomy in the Eastern region.


• The refugee problem was created in India because of the suppression of the mass movement in Bangladesh by West Pakistan's military. This military rule was under General Yahya Khan and under this suppression, many Bengali's were killed. This led to the refugee problem in India.


• India supported East Pakistan i.e. (Current Bangladesh) and helped them financially and supported also with the military. This led to the emergence of war between India and Pakistan in 1971. End of the war was favourable to the India and Pakistani forces surrender in East Pakistan and thus led to the formation of a new nation known as Bangladesh.


More from this chapter

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20

On the basis of your interpretation of the cartoon given below, answer the following questions:

a. Do you consider China effective enough to challenge the pre-eminent position of in the world? Evaluate China's role as an alternative centre of power to the US in this direction.


b. Suggest any two effective strategies to deal with US hegemony in the contemporary world order

 21

In the given political map of India, five places are marked as A, B, C, D and E.

Identify them with the help of information given below and write their correct name in the answer book along with their serial numbers and the alphabet concerned.


i. A state which declared its Independence from India in 1951


ii. A state that was carved out of Assam in 1972


iii. A state where the Chipko movement was carried out


iv. The latest state of Indian Union


v. A state where an organization of Dalit Panthers was formed.


 23

Although the UN has failed to act as an effective check on the hegemony of the US, nations prefer its continuation. Suggest any three suitable arguments to justify the relevance of the UN in the post-cold war era.

OR


Highlight any three important changes that have been brought about at the international level after the end of the cold war.

 24

How the process of formation of states on the basis of language changed the nature of democratic politics in India?

OR


Examine the three challenges that India faced at the time of Independence