How the process of formation of states on the basis of language changed the nature of democratic politics in India?

OR

Examine the three challenges that India faced at the time of Independence

After the independence, India and Pakistan were partitioned. Prominent leaders of India felt that partition on the basis of the language would lead to disruption and disintegration of the nation. They also felt that patriotism towards the nation would be lost. There was also another mind that there will be attention towards the social and economic challenges that the country had faced.

This opinion and decision of the national leaders were opposed by the local leaders of South India. The protest began in the Telugu speaking areas of old Madras Province (which is present-day Tamil Nadu, parts of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka).

On the basis of the state reorganization commission under the chairmanship of Fazal Ali, the State of Reorganization Act was passed in on November 1, 1956. This led to the creation of 14 states and 6 Union territories.

• Because of the creation of new states, the path of politics and power was now open to people of elite classes. The state reorganization on the linguistic basis gave uniformity to the politics in the different states.

• Though there was an opinion for the national leaders that there will be disintegration when India is partitioned on a linguistic basis. But this did not happen rather it increased and strengthened national integrity.

• The linguistic states were partitioned by underlining the acceptance of the principle of diversity.

OR

In 1947, immediately after independence because of the colonial rule by the British, India has faced many challenges to overcome the problem that had faced in the democracy. Independent India faced three kinds of challenges:

• The immediate challenge for India after independence was to shape the nation with the unity which has diversified culture and language. India such a big country that it is known as subcontinent because of its size and multiple features. The partition was the worst fear of everyone and for the national leaders. This fear was because of the wide diversity, culture and language that the country possessed and they felt with this diversity unity is very difficult.

• Setting up of the new constitution and democracy was another challenge for the Indian government. India has adapted to the representative democracy based on the parliamentary form of government. There will be a political competition that takes place in this democratic framework. Even the setting up of the democracy was not the major challenge but the real challenge was to develop the democratic practices in accordance with the Constitution.

• The next challenge was to guarantee the development and well being of the entire society. The constitution ensures that there will be equality to the people in all spheres and provide special protection for the socially backward people. This was added to the Constitution as a principle for ensuring equality, social justice and cultural equality. Directive Principle of State Policy was also to ensure the welfare goals that democratic politics in India should achieve.