According to the evolutionary theory, the formation of a new species is generally due to

During a science lecture on evolution and inheritance, Amit got confused and went to clear his doubts. He asked, if characters can be passed to the future generation, then why does not he have the tattoo that his mother has on her arm. The teacher smiled and told him about inherited and acquired characters.

(i) What are inherited and acquired characters?

(ii) The tattoo on the arm of Amit’s mother was not present on Amit’s arm. Give a scientific reason.

(iii) What values are shown by Amit?

After attending a class lecture on evolution, Katy came home and gathered photographs of all her possible relatives and grandparents. Afterward she made a family tree using those photographs in which she was surprised to see her resemblance to most of her relatives and grandparents.

(i) Why was there resemblance seen by Katy to most of her relatives?

(ii) What are the laws of inheritance? Name them.

(iii) What values are shown by Katy?

What determines the sex of a child?

When a breed of cattle with red coats is crossed with the same breed with coats, the offspring all have coats with a mixture of red and white hairs, a condition called roan. If roan cows were crossed with a red- coated bull, the theoretical ratio of the offspring would be