With the help of any two suitable examples explain the effect of anthropogenic actions on organic evolution.

1) During the post-industrialization period, due to industrial smoke and soots, the tree trunks became dark. In this condition, the white-winged moth did not survive due to predators and dark-winged or melanized moth survived.

Before industrialization, thick growth of lichen (white-coloured) covered the trees - in such background the white-winged moth survived but the dark-coloured moth was picked out by predators.

In a polluted area, lichens are unable to grow. Hence, moths that were capable to hide in the background survived.This showed that in the mixed population, only those can better-adapt, survive and increase in population size.

2) The selection of resistant varieties in a short duration of time resulted from excessive use of herbicides, pesticides, etc.It is also applicable for microbes against which we use antibiotics or drugs against eukaryotic organisms/cells. Since resistant organisms/cells are appearing in a time scale of months or years and not centuries.

These are examples of evolution by anthropogenic action.