Which factors have caused spatial variations in the levels of Human Development among the states in India?

There exist several economic, historial and socio-political reasons for such a condition of affairs. Kerala is capable of recording the highest value in the Human Development Index mainly because of its impressive performance in attaining near a hundred per cent literacy. States such as Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Odisha possess very low literacy. States exhibiting higher total literacy rates possess lesser gaps between the female and male literacy rates.

In addition to the educational attainment, the ranges of economic development to play considerable influence on the Index. Economically developed states such as Punjab, Haryana, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra possess higher value of the Index in comparison to states like Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, etc.

Regional distortions, as well as social disparities, play a significant role in the Indian polity, society and economy. The Indian Government has produce concerted efforts for the purpose of institutionalization of the balanced development with its major focus on social distributive justice via planned development.