Describe the process of the Unification of Italy.

OR

Describe the role of Ho-Chi-Minh in spreading the feelings of nationalism in Vietnam.

a. Italy had a very long history of political fragmentation.

b. It was divided into dynastic states and multinational Habsburg Empire.

c. During the middle of the 19th century, it was divided into seven States out of which only one, Sardinia Piedmont was ruled by the Italian princely house.

d. The north was under the Austrian Habsburg, the center was under the Pope and the South was under the Bourbon kings of Spain.

e. The Italian language was not of one common form but had many regional and local variations.

f. In 1835, Guiseppe Mazzini decided to put together a program for the unification of Italy and found a society called ‘Young Italy’.

g. However, the failure of revolutions both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the task of unified Italy was through a war that fell upon Sardinia Piedmont’s rulerKing Victor Emmanuel II.

h. This movement was left led by Chief Minister Cavour who was neither or revolutionary nor a democratic.

i. Sardinia Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.

j. A large number of armed volunteers joined this process under the leadership of Guiseppe Garibaldi.

k. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants to drive out the Spanish rulers.

l. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed as the king of united Italy.

OR

The role of Ho-Chi-Minh in spreading the feelings of nationalism in Vietnam is explained below:

1. In February 1930, Ho Chi Minh brought together the competing nationalist groups to form the Vietnamese communist or the Vietnam Cong San Dang party.

2. It was later renamed to the Indo Chinese Communist Party.

3. He was inspired by the militant demonstrations of the European Communist Party.

4. In 1940, Japan occupied Vietnam to have control of southeast Asia.

5. The nationalists had to fight both the Japanese and the French.

6. The League for the Independence of Vietnam was also called Vietminh, fought the Japanese occupation and recaptured Hanoi in September 1945.

7. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was formed and Ho Chi Minh became the Chairman