Q27 of 47 Page 1

(a) Give IUPAC name of CH3 – CH = CH – CHO.

(b) How can you distinguish between ethanol and ethanal ?


(c) How will you convert the following :


(i) Toluene to benzoic acid


(ii) Ethanol to propan-2-ol


(iii) Propanal to 2-hydroxypropanoic acid


OR


(a) Give IUPAC name of Salicylic acid.


(b) Chloroacetic acid is more acidic than acetic acid. Why ?


(c) Write the products formed when (CH3)3C–CHO reacts with the following :


(i) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid


(ii) Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution


(iii) Semicarbazide and a weak acid


(a) CH3 – CH = CH – CHO has a 4-Carbon linear chain. So the naming starts as ‘but’.


The aldehyde group has a higher priority than the double bond so numbering of first carbon would start from –CHO.


We notice that the double bond falls with the second carbon atom. So, we add ‘-2-en’.


As the aldehyde group is on the first carbon, we end the name with ‘-al’.


Thus the name stands : but-2-enal.


(b) Ethanol being an alcohol having the acidic hydrogen (directly attached to electronegative O atom) reacts with sodium metal to give sodium ethoxide along with the liberation of a colourless, odourless gas which rekindles a glowing splinter with a characteristic ‘pop’ sound. The gas liberated is H2.



No such observation is found when ethanal is reacted with sodium metal.


(c) (i)


Oxidation of toluene in presence of chromyl chloride and CS2 and hydrolysis gives benzoic acid. This reaction is called Etard reaction.



(ii) First, ethanol is partially oxidised to ethanal by using PCC.


Next ethanal is reacted with CH3MgBr, a Grignards Reagent and then hydrolysed to get propan-2-ol.




(iii) First HCN is added to propanal. CN- attacks the carbonyl carbon of propanal and forms .


Next, H+ attacks the negative end to form a cyanohydrin .


This cyanohydrin is further hydrolysed and due to which the –CN group gets converted to –COOH and we get the required 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.



OR


(a) The IUPAC name of salicylic acid is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid.



(b)Chloroacetic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid due to the presence of –Cl , which is an electron withdrawing group due to which it pulls the negative charge towards itself by inductive effect.The negative charge density on the oxygen atom is delocalised, thereby stabilizing the conjugate base of chloroacetic acid, which, makes it a stronger acid.


There is no such delocalisation happening in acetic acid, therefore its conjugate base is less stable.



Delocalisation in chloroacetic acid.


(c)


(i) (CH3)3C–CHOreduces in the presence of Zinc amalgam and dil. HCl to give (CH3)3C–CH3. This reaction is called Clemmensen reduction reaction and it reduces the –C=O to –C=H2.



(ii) As the aldehyde(CH3)3C–CHO does not have an alpha hydrogen atom, two molecules of the aldehyde react to give sodium salt of the carboxylic acid (if NaOH is used as base) and the alcohol.


This reaction is termed as Cannizaro Reaction.



(iii) (CH3)3C–CHO reacts with semicarbazide and a weak acid to give :


Water molecule is released.



More from this chapter

All 47 →
25

(a) Draw the graph between vapour pressure and temperature andexplain the elevation in boiling point of a solvent in solution.

(b) Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by


dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litres of water at 25°C assuming it to be completely dissociated. (Atomic masses K = 39 u, S = 32 u, O = 16 u)


OR


(a) Write two characteristics of non-ideal solution.


(b) 2 g of benzoic (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to 1.62 K. Molal depression constant for benzene is 4.9 K kg mol–1. What is the percentage association of acid if it forms dimer in solution ?


 26

Give reasons for the following :

(a) NO2 dimerises readily.


(b) Chlorine acts as a bleaching agent.


(c) In spite of small size, electron gain enthalpy of oxygen is less


negative as compared to sulphur.


(d) Unlike chlorine, fluorine forms only one oxoacid, HOF.


(e) Noble gases have very low boiling points.


OR


(a) Draw structure and name the shape of the following :


(i) SF4


(ii) ICl3


(b) What happens when (Support your answer with equation)


(i) Chlorine gas is passed through hot and concentrated sodium


hydroxidesolution ?


(ii) Xenon hexafluoride is subjected to complete hydrolysis ?


(iii) Concentrated sulphuric acid is poured over cane sugar ?


 1

A cube solid is made up of two elements A and B. The elements of A forms hcp while atoms of element B occupy two-third of the octahedral voids. What is the formula of the solid?

 3

Oxidation of CH3-CHO is easier than CH3-COCH3. Why?