Q5 of 465 Page 65

Why is fumigation regarded a better option than spraying in godowns? Give examples of both types of pesticides.

Fumigation is comparatively a safe and economical option of pest control than spraying of stored grains due to following reasons:

(i) In fumigation, the worker does not come in contact with the fumigant. There is some contact with the pesticide during spraying. In spraying, the worker suffers irritation in eyes, nose, vomiting, etc.


(ii) No residue persist over articles as it penetrated deep in fumigation. In spraying some residue can enter the sprayed articles.


(iii) Fumigants are volatile while sprays are seldom volatile.


(iv) Fumigation disinfects the whole areas spraying disinfects only the sprayed articles.


(v) In fumigation less amount of pesticide is used. While in spraying, large volume of pesticide is consumed.


(vi) Example of fumigants are aluminium phosphate, EDCT and methyl bromide. Pesticides which are sprayed include BHC, malathion and pyrethrum.


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Pawan went to attend a wedding reception with his mother and father. There was a good variety of food items. He tasted many items and left many items in the plate. This was done by many guests attending the party. His parents drew his attention to the amount of food wasted in this manner.

(a) Why was Pawan’s parents concerned about the wastage of food?


(b) What steps you can suggest to ensure food security?

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Why should organic foods be preferred over conventional food?

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What is the need of crossing the exotic breeds of cattle with local (Indian) breeds, when exotic cattle have higher yield as compared to the hybrid breed of cattle?

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Vikash went to vegetable market with his elder sister, a M.Sc. Botany student. There he saw many varieties of different vegetables such as different kinds of chillies (short, long, round, pungent, less pungent, green, reddish, orange), several varieties of potato and tomatoes. He asked his sister the following questions:

(i) What is the need of producing so many varieties of different crop plants.


(ii)What is the name of branch of science which deals with crop improvement?


(iii) What are the methods used by plant breeders?


(iv) What is hybridization?