Mention any two reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union?

The reforms initiated by Mikhael Gorbachev are:

A) Glasnost: Glasnost refers to the term ‘ openness’. The main aim of this movement was to give more rights and freedom to the people in the Soviet Union. It included more people in the political process by the right of freedom of expression. It reduced the level of censoring and allowed the journalists to report on corruption and the depressed condition of the people. This continuous reporting to crimes by the government caused a feeling of panic in the people. This led to an increase in social protests in a nation.

B) Perestroika: Perestroika means the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the Communist Party. Contested elections were introduced to reflect the democratic practices of Western society and allow citizens to have a voice in government. It promoted de-monopolization and functioning on semi-private businesses and put an end to the price controls established by the government.