Examine the key controversies over the strategy of economic development in the early years of independence.

Two of the major controversies in the early years of independence are as below:

Agriculture versus industrial development:

Many people thought that the second plan lacked an agrarian strategy for development and the emphasis on industry caused agriculture and rural India to suffer more. The state made laws for land reforms and distribution of resources among the poor in the villages.

Public versus private sector:

The state-controlled key heavy industries provided industrial infrastructure regulated trade and made some interventions of agriculture. The enlarged public sector created hurdles in the private sector. The state-controlled more things that were necessary and it led to corruption and inefficiency.