Q17 of 38 Page 1

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :

In the event of a nuclear war, both sides will be so badly harmed that it will be


impossible to declare one side or the other as the winner, even if one of them tries to


attack and disable the nuclear weapons of its rival, the other would still be left with


enough nuclear weapons to inflict unacceptable destruction. Both sides have the


capacity to retaliate against an attack and to cause so much destruction that neither


can afford to initiate war. Thus, the cold war – in spite of being an intense form of


rivalry between great powers – remained a ‘cold’ and not hot or shooting war. The


deterrence relationship prevents war but not the rivalry between powers.


(i) Why did intense rivalry between the superpowers remain a cold war only?


(ii) Why can’t a nuclear war between the two nuclear powers be decisive?


(iii) Explain the logic of ‘deterrence’.

(i)


US and USSR were not engaged in direct wars as both the superpowers were not in a state to handle the destructions caused by nuclear weapons, therefore, the intense form of rivalry between great powers remained.


(ii)


Both the blocs USA and USSR have more or less equal nuclear power and nuclear war would not lead to any victory for either bloc, rather would bring losses to both the blocs and the world. Hence nuclear war can't be decisive.


(iii)


To prevent the other side from attacking by a promise to raise the cost of war to an unacceptable level, this security policy is called deterrence


More from this chapter

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15

How did the methods of voting in free India go on changing from time to time till day? Explain the reasons also.

16

Analyze any four factors responsible for the downfall of the Janata Government in 1979.

18

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow :

Despite the mixed record of the democratic experience, the people in all these countries of South Asia share the aspiration for democracy. A recent survey of the attitudes of the people in the five big countries of the region showed that there is widespread support for democracy in all these countries. Ordinary citizens, rich as well as poor and belonging to different religions, view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy. They prefer democracy over any other form of government and think that democracy is suitable for their country. These are significant findings, for it was earlier believed that democracy could flourish and find support only in prosperous countries of the world.


(i) Assess the popularity of representative democracy.


(ii) Analyze the reasons for the widespread support for democracy in the five big countries of South Asia.


(iii) How far do you agree with the statement that democracy can flourish and find support only in prosperous countries?

19

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow :

Movements are not only about collective assertions or only about rallies and protests.


They involve a gradual process of coming together of people with similar problems,


similar demands, and similar expectations. But then movements are also about making


people aware of their rights and the expectations that they can have from democratic


institutions. Social movements in India have been involved in these educative tasks


for a long time and have thus contributed to the expansion of democracy rather than


causing disruptions.


(i) Mention any one right granted to the people of India as a result of any movement.


(ii) How far do you agree that social movements have contributed to the expansion of democracy rather than causing disruptions?


(iii) What is the relationship between the movements and the democratic institutions?