Q19 of 38 Page 1

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow :

Movements are not only about collective assertions or only about rallies and protests.


They involve a gradual process of coming together of people with similar problems,


similar demands, and similar expectations. But then movements are also about making


people aware of their rights and the expectations that they can have from democratic


institutions. Social movements in India have been involved in these educative tasks


for a long time and have thus contributed to the expansion of democracy rather than


causing disruptions.


(i) Mention any one right granted to the people of India as a result of any movement.


(ii) How far do you agree that social movements have contributed to the expansion of democracy rather than causing disruptions?


(iii) What is the relationship between the movements and the democratic institutions?

(i)


Right to Information was granted as a result of movement carried out by the activists to eradicate corruption from civil society.


(ii)


A movement is carried by a group of people who have similar demands. The demands are mostly made within the constitutional limit. Hence it expands democracy.


(iii)


The political institutions are a democratic institution. The movements that are carried out and raise demands are done before this institution. These institutions raise the aspirations of the people and are directly accountable to them for their work.


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17

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :

In the event of a nuclear war, both sides will be so badly harmed that it will be


impossible to declare one side or the other as the winner, even if one of them tries to


attack and disable the nuclear weapons of its rival, the other would still be left with


enough nuclear weapons to inflict unacceptable destruction. Both sides have the


capacity to retaliate against an attack and to cause so much destruction that neither


can afford to initiate war. Thus, the cold war – in spite of being an intense form of


rivalry between great powers – remained a ‘cold’ and not hot or shooting war. The


deterrence relationship prevents war but not the rivalry between powers.


(i) Why did intense rivalry between the superpowers remain a cold war only?


(ii) Why can’t a nuclear war between the two nuclear powers be decisive?


(iii) Explain the logic of ‘deterrence’.

 18

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow :

Despite the mixed record of the democratic experience, the people in all these countries of South Asia share the aspiration for democracy. A recent survey of the attitudes of the people in the five big countries of the region showed that there is widespread support for democracy in all these countries. Ordinary citizens, rich as well as poor and belonging to different religions, view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy. They prefer democracy over any other form of government and think that democracy is suitable for their country. These are significant findings, for it was earlier believed that democracy could flourish and find support only in prosperous countries of the world.


(i) Assess the popularity of representative democracy.


(ii) Analyze the reasons for the widespread support for democracy in the five big countries of South Asia.


(iii) How far do you agree with the statement that democracy can flourish and find support only in prosperous countries?

 20

Study the following cartoon carefully and answer the questions that follow :


(i) Identify and name the leader shown on the right in the cartoon.


(ii) What type of relationship does the cartoon indicate between the people and the ruler?


(iii) In your opinion, how successful was the approach adopted by the leader on the right to solve the issue of Princely States?

 20

Note: The following question is for visually impaired candidates only in lieu of


Answer the following questions :


(I) Name the Deputy Prime Minister in the first Council of Ministers under Jawaharlal Nehru.


(ii) Before signing the Instrument of Accession with the Indian The government, what assurance was given to the Maharaja of Manipur?


(iii) Which section of the people in Hyderabad rose against the Nizam and why?