Explain why male migration is higher than females from rural to urban areas in India.

OR

Explain why female migration is higher from rural to rural areas in India.

In rural India, male members of the household are considered as the sole breadwinners, and female members as nurturers of the households. Hence, female members are discouraged from migrating to urban areas unlike male members who move to cities in search of better employment opportunities. Moreover, female participation in farming in rural India is fairly high. In addition, shortage of housing, high cost of living, the paucity of job opportunities and lack of security in cities, discourage women from migrating from rural to urban areas.

OR

In rural India, female members are expected to shift to their in-law’s house after marriage, which is usually to rural areas. Moreover, in rural areas, female participation in farming is highly preferred so that male members could be free to look for better employment in cities. In addition, shortage of housing, high cost of living, the paucity of job opportunities and lack of security in cities, discourage women from migrating from rural to urban areas.