Explain any five characteristics of ‘high tech industry’ in the world.

OR

Explain any five characteristics of ‘large scale manufacturing’ in the world.

High tech industry is the latest generation of manufacturing industries, which deliver products that are valued the world over.

Some of the important characteristics of ‘high tech industry’ in the world are:

1. These industries are characterised by neatly spaced, low, modern, dispersed, office-plant-lab buildings rather than massive assembly structures, factories and storage areas that mark the high-tech industrial landscape.

2. It is distinguishable from other kinds of industries from its application of intensive research and development efforts, leading to the manufacturing of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character.

3. Professional white-collar workers make up a large share of the total workforce, and these skilled specialists outnumber the actual production (blue-collar) workers.

4. Robotics on the assembly line, computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing, electronic controls of smelting and refining processes, and the constant development of new products are notable features of high-tech industry.

5. Such high-tech industries of the world tend to locate in planned business parks that are regionally concentrated, self-sustained and highly specialised known as technopolies. For example, Silicon Valley near San Francisco and Silicon Forest near Seattle (both in the U.S.) are technopolies.

OR

Modern large-scale manufacturing has the following characteristics:

1. Mechanisation: Use of gadgets and automation which accomplish tasks without the aid of human thinking during the manufacturing process.

2. Technological Innovation: Research and development strategy are an important aspect of modern manufacturing for quality control, eliminating waste and inefficiency, and combating pollution.

3. Superior Stratification: Modern manufacturing is characteristics by complex machine technology, vast capital and extreme specialisation and division of labour for producing more goods with less effort, and low costs.

4. Organisational Structure: Modern manufacturing is characterised by large organisations and executive bureaucracy with an effective and deep and division of roles.

5. Uneven Geographic Distribution: Major concentrations of modern manufacturing have flourished in a few numbers of places. These manufacturing sites are less conspicuous and concentrated on much smaller areas due to greater intensity of processes.