How can childless couples be helped by the following assisted reproductive technologies:

→a) GIFT

→b) Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

a) GIFT stands for Gamete Intra fallopian transfer. In this technique, an ovum is collected from a healthy donor and transferred into the fallopian tube of another female who is infertile or cannot produce an ovum of her own for some reason but who can provide a suitable environment for fertilization and embryo development.

b) ICSI or Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection is another technique through which childless couples can be helped. In this technique, healthy sperm is directly injected into the ovum to aid in fertilization.