By the end of 2002 the public transport of Delhi switched over to a new fuel. Name the fuel. Why is this fuel considered better? Explain.

Study a part of the life cycle of malarial parasite given below. Answer the questions that follow:

(a) Mention the roles of ‘A’ in the life cycle of the malarial parasite.

(b) Name the event ‘C’ and the organ where this event occurs.

(c) Identify the organ ‘B’ and name the cells being released from it.

Given below is the representation of amino acid composition not the relevant translated portion of β-chain of haemoglobin, related to the shape of human red blood cells

(a) Is this representation indicating a normal human or a sufferer from certain related genetic disease? Give reason in support of your answer.

(b) What difference would be noticed in the phenotype of the normal and the sufferer related to this gene?

(c) Who are likely to suffer more from the defect related to the gene represented the males, the females or both males and females equally? And why?

Draw a schematic sketch of pBR322 plasmid and label the following in it:

(a) Any two restriction sites.

(b) Ori and rop genes.

(c) An antibiotic resistant gene.

Explain the carbon cycle with the help of a simplified model.

OR

(a) Explain how does a primary succession start on a bare rock and reach a climax community?

(b) Explain how does the algal bloom eventually choke the water body in an industrial area?