Q18 of 55 Page 1

Distinguish between homologous organs and analogous organs. In which category would you place wings of a bird and wings of a bat? Justify your answer giving a suitable reason.

Homologous organs are defined as the organs which have same structure but different functions whereas Analogous organs are defined as the organs which have same functions but different structure.


Wings of a butterfly and wings of a bat are the analogous organs because they have same functions but different structure.


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16

A blue color flower plant denoted by BB is crossbred with that of white color flow plant denoted by bb. (a) State the color of flower you would expect in their F1 generation plants.

(b) What must be the percentage of white flower plants in F2 generation if flowers of F1 plants are self-pollinated?


(c) State the –expected ratio of the genotypes BB and Bb in the F2 progeny.

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What is meant by the term speciation? List four factors which could lead to speciation. 3

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List in tabular form three physical and two chemical properties on the basis of which ethanol and ethanoic acid can be differentiation.

 20

State the law of refraction of light that defines the refractive index of a medium with respect to the other. Express it mathematically. How is refractive index of any medium 'A' with respect to a medium 'B' related to the speed of propagation of light in two media A and B? State the name of this constant when one medium is vacuum or air. The refractive indices of glass and water with respect to vacuum are 3f1.and 4/3 respectively. If the speed of light in glass is 2108 m/s, find the speed of light in (i)vacuum, (ii) water.