Suggest three contraceptive methods to control the size of human population which is essential for the health and prosperity of a country. State the basic principle involved in each.

The prevention of pregnancy in women is called contraception. The method that does so is called contraceptive. There are three types :-

(a) Barrier Method - In this method of preventing pregnancy, physical devices such as condoms, diaphragm are used by males and females respectively. These prevent the sperms from meeting the ovum by acting as barrier between them. This has the advantage of protecting the person from sexually transmitted diseases.

(b) Chemical Method - In this method the females use two types of pills oral pills and vaginal pills, made of specific drugs. The oral pills contain hormones that stop the ovary from releasing ovum, these pills are also called Oral Contraceptives. The vaginal pills contain the chemical called spermicides which kill the sperms.

(c) Surgical Method – This method is available for both males and females. In males, a small portion of sperm duct is removed by surgical operation and both the cut ends are ligated properly, the process is called vasectomy. In females, a small portion of oviducts is removed by surgical operation that prevents ovum from entering the oviducts, the process is called tubectomy.