State if the following statements are true or false.

(i) The blood flows through glomerulus under great pressure.

(ii) Glomerular filtrate consists of many substances such as water, salts, glucose and white blood corpuscles.

(iii) Sodium chloride contained in glomerular filtrate is fully reabsorbed in the renal tubule.

(iv) Besides the normal constituents, the urine may pass out excess vitamins but not the antibiotics.

(v) Excessive uric acid and urine may produce kidney stones.

(i) True.

Explanation:

The efferent arteriole (outgoing) is narrower than the afferent arteriole (incoming). The pressure here is much greater than in the capillaries elsewhere.

(ii) True.

Explanation:

Yes, the ultrafiltration causes the liquid part of the blood along with its organic and inorganic constituents to reach the glomerulus. This part of the blood consists of water, salts, glucose and plasma solutes.

(iii) False.

Explanation:

Reabsorption takes place but only to the extent that the composition of the blood is not disturbed.

(iv) False.

Explanation:

Apart from the normal constituents (urea, ammonia, uric acid), urine may also comprise of hormones and also in some cases, medicines like antibiotics and excess vitamins.

(v) True

Explanation:

Uric acid may crystallize and get deposited on joints. Excessive uric acid and certain salts may be the cause for Kidney stones.