Q11 of 56 Page 1

List six specific characteristics of sexual reproduction.

The various characteristics of sexual reproduction are as follows:


(i) Sexual reproduction involves both male and female to produce their offspring.


(ii) The organism produced from sexual reproduction is different in genes from both male and female parent.


(iii) Both meiosis and mitotic divisions occurs in case of sexual reproduction. Meiosis occurs during gametes formation and mitotic occur after fertilization.


(iv) Sexual reproduction helps in process of evolution as it doesn’t produce copy of the parents.


(v) Zygote is formed by the process of fertilization which then grows into a new organism.


(vi) Human, fishes, animals and even most of the flowering plants also produces through sexual reproduction.


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9

Two elements 'P' and 'Q' belong to the same period of the modem periodic table and are in Group-1 and Group-2 respectively. Compare their following characteristics in tabular form:

(a) The number of electrons in their atoms


(b) The sizes of their atoms


(c) Their metallic characters


(d) Their tendencies to lose electrons


(e) The formula of their oxides


(f) The formula of their chlorides

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Taking the example of an element of atomic number 16, explain how the electronic configuration of the atom of an element relates to its position in the modem periodic table and how valency of an element is calculated on the basis of its atomic number.

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What are chromosomes? Explain how in sexually reproducing organisms the number of chromosomes in the progeny is maintained.

 13

List four points of significance of reproductive health in a society. Name any two areas related to reproductive health which have improved over the past 50 years in our country.