Describe the composition of the U. N. Security Council. What is the major difference in the privileges given to its permanent and non-permanent members?

OR

Describe any three new sources of threat of security giving example for each.

The composition of the U.N Security Council- There are five permanent members and ten non-permanent members.

Privileges given to Permanent members-

a .Members are permanent.

b. They have a veto power.

c. They are –China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Privileges given to Non –Permanent members-

a. They serve for only two years at a time and give a way to newly elected members.

b. A country can’t be re-elected immediately after completing a term of two years.

c. The non-permanent members are elected in a manner so that they represent all continents of the world.

OR

Three new sources of threat of security can be identified as follows-

(i) Terrorism it refers to political violence that target civilians deliberately and discriminately. E.g. Pakistan based Islamist group attacked on Taj Hotel and railway station in Mumbai 26 Nov 2008 killed many innocent civilians.

(ii) Health epidemics -such as HIV AIDS, Bird Flu and SARS have rapidly spread across country through migration, tourisms and military operations. One country’s failure and success in limiting the spread of these diseases affects infections in other countries. E.g. Bird flu called H5N8 causing outbreaks in birds is a great threat to poultry farms worldwide. Virus can infect people and cause life.

(iii) Global poverty- Poverty in the south has also led to large –scale migration to seek a better life, especially better economic opportunities, in the North. This has created international political friction. E.g. Kashmiri Pandits that fled the violence in the Kashmir valley in the early 1990s.