Write the hybridization and shape of the following complexes:
(i) [Co(NH3)6]3+
(ii) [NiCl4]2-
To find shape of a coordination complex we need to decide its hybridization and then apply Valence Bond theory to determine the structure.
Option (i) [Co(NH3)6]3+
Hybridization of [Co(en)]3+
Co3+ is the central atom receiving a bi-dented ligand ethylene diamine with N atom being the donor.
Since (NH3) is a strong field ligand according to the spectrochemical series of ligands it acquires lower energy orbitals and thus results in spin pairing of electrons in the lower d orbital and forms two empty d orbitals one empty s orbital and three p orbitals to give d2sp3 hybridization.
Now the spin pairing can also be conversely proven by the diamagnetic properties shown by the said complex. The formation of inner d complex can be explained by Crystal Field Theory (CFT). According to Valence Bond Theory this complex exhibits octahedral geometry showing two optical isomers.
Option (ii) [NiCl4]2-
Hybridization of [NiCl4]2-
Ni2+ is the central atom receiving a chloride ligand being the donor.
Since (Cl) is a weak field ligand according to the spectrochemical series of ligands it acquires energy orbitals and thus results in spin pairing of electrons in the lower d orbital and forms two empty d orbitals one empty s orbital and three p orbitals to give d2sp3 hybridization.
Now the parallel spins can also be conversely proven by the paramagnetic properties shown by the said complex. The formation of outer d complex can be explained by Crystal Field Theory (CFT). According to Valence Bond Theory this complex exhibits tetrahedral geometry showing two optical isomers.
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