(a) Define the following terms:
(i) Molarity
(ii) Molal elevation constant (K_b)

(b) A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g/mol) per litre of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g/mol) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.

OR

(a) What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give reason.

(b) A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g/mol) in water is labelled as 10% (by mass). What would be the molality and molarity of the solution?

(Density of solution = 1.2 g/mL)

Define the following terms as related to proteins:
(i) Peptide linkage
(ii) Primary structure
(iii) Denaturation

On the occasion of World Health Day, Dr. Satpal organized a ‘health camp’ for the poor farmers living in a nearby village. After check-up, he was shocked to see that most of the farmers suffered from cancer due to regular exposure to pesticides and many were diabetic. They distributed free medicines to them. Dr. Satpal immediately reported the matter to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). On the suggestions of NHRC, the government decided to provide medical care, financial assistance, setting up of super-speciality hospitals for treatment and prevention of the deadly disease in the affected villages all over India.

(i) Write the values shown by
(a) Dr. Satpal
(b) NHRC.
(ii) What type of analgesics are chiefly used for the relief of pains of terminal cancer?
(iii) Give an example of artificial sweetener that could have been recommended to diabetic patients.

(a) Complete the following equations:

(i) Cr₂O₇^2- + 2OH^- →

(ii) MnO₄^- + 4H⁺ +3e^- →

(b) Account for the following:

(i) Zn is not considered as a transition element.

(ii) Transition metals form a large number of complexes.

(iii) The E⁰ value for the Mn³⁺/ Mn²⁺ couple is much more positive than that for the Cr³⁺/ Cr²⁺ couple.

Or

(i) With reference to structural variability and chemical reactivity, write the differences between lanthanoids and actinoids.

(ii) Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation state.

(iii) Complete the following equation:

MnO₄^- + 8H⁺ + 5e^-→

(iv) Out of Mn³⁺ and Cr³⁺, which is more paramagnetic and why?

(Atomic no.: Mn= 25, Cr= 24)

(a) Write the products formed when CH₃CHO reacts with the following reagents:

(i) HCN

(ii) H₂N-OH

(iii) CH₃CHOin the presence of dilute NaOH

(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:

(i) Benzoic acid and Phenol

(ii) Propanal and Propanone

OR

(a) Account for the following:

(i) Cl-CH₂COOH is stronger acid than CH₃COOH

(ii) Carboxylic acids do not give reactions of carbonyl group.

(b) Write the chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions:

(i) Rosenmund reduction

(ii) Cannizzaro’s reaction

(c) Out ofCH₃CH₂-CO-CH₂CH₃ and CH₃CH₂-CH₂-CO-CH3, which gives iodoform test?