Define the term ‘density of population’. Explain four geographical factors affecting the distribution of the population in the world, with examples.

The density of population is defined as the ratio between the numbers of people to the size of land. It is measured usually in persons per sq. km.

Density of Population = Population/Area

The geographical factors that affect the distribution of the population in the world are:

a. Availability of water

b. Landforms

c. Climate

d. Soils

a. Availability of water:

Water is the elixir of life. People generally prefer to stay in those areas where plenty of water is available. Water is needed for all domestic purposes and industrial purposes. Even animals need water to survive. It can be seen that the density of population is more in the river valley regions.

b. Landforms:

The Gangetic plains are densely populated whereas the Himalayan regions are sparsely populated. It is because people generally prefer to live in plains which favour production of crops, construction of roads and industries. Hilly and mountainous regions hinder the development of the transport network.

c. Climate:

Areas which have a comfortable climate without much seasonal variation attracts huge population. That is why the hot or cold deserts are less populated when compared to Mediterranean regions.

d. Soils:

Areas which have fertile loamy soil are densely populated as it favours agriculture and related activities.

Other than these factors, economic, social and cultural factors also determine the density of population.