(a) Draw a diagram of the adult human female reproductive system and label the different:

(i) Parts of fallopian tube

(ii) Layers of uterus

(b) Explain the events during fertilization of an ovum in humans.

OR

(a) Draw a diagrammatic sketch of a transverse section of an anther of an angiosperm. Label its different walls and the tissue forming microspore mother cells.

(b) Describe the process of microsporogenesis up to the formation of a microspore.

(c) Write the function of ‘germ pore’ in a pollen grain of an angiosperm.

(a)

Diagram of the adult human female reproductive system

(b) The process in which the fusion of the haploid male gamete or sperm and the haplod female gamete or ovum to form a diplod cell i.e., zygote is known as fertilization. Fertilization in humans takes place in fallopian tube of the female reproductive system.

a. During fertilisation, a sperm comes in contact with the zona pellucida layer of the ovum and blocks the entry of additional sperms. This ensures that only one sperm can fertilise an ovum.

b. The enzymatic secretions of the acrosome help the sperm enter into the cytoplasm of the ovum through the zona pellucida and the plasma membrane.

c. This causes the completion of the meiotic division of the secondary oocyte.

d. The second meiotic division is also unequal and results in the formation of a second polar body and a haploid ovum (ootid).

e. Then, the haploid sperm nucleus fuses with the haploid nuclues of the ovum to form a diploid zygote.

OR

(a)

Transverse section of anther of an angiosperm Sporongenous tissue is tissue forming microspore mother cells.

(b) The formation of microspores from a pollen mother cell through meiosis is termed as Microsporogenesis. Microspores are formed inside microsporangium. The process of microsporogenesis up to the formation of a microspore is as follows:

a. The terminal part of the stamen bears the anther. It consists of two lobes.

b. Both the lobes has two chambers (loculi), they are called as the pollen sacs or microsporangia.

c. And ususually a typical anther is tetrasporangiate.

d. The four pollen sacs or microsporangia lie in the four corners of an anther.

e. The pollen sacs or microsporangia develop hypodermally in anther from strips of archesporial cells.

f. When anther is young, each microsporangias are occupied by sporogenous tissues (group of homogenous cells arranged compactly).

g. As anther develops the cells of sporogenous tissues undergo meiotic divisions to form microscope tetrads.

(c) The germ pores are pertures in the exine layer of the pollen grain where the sporopollenin is absent. The germ pore helps in the formation of the germ tube or pollen tube soon after pollination and the release of male gametes during fertilization.