Write the characteristics of Ramapithecus, Dryopithecus and Neanderthal man.

Both Haemophilia and Thalassemia are blood related disorders in humans. Write their causes and the difference between the two. Name the category of genetic disorder they both come under.

A. List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome project. Mention how they were used.

B. Expand ‘YAC’ and mention what was it used for.

Name a human disease, its causal organism, symptoms (any three) and vector, spread by intake of water and food contaminated by human faucal matter.

A. Why is there a fear amongst the guardians that their adolescent wards may get trapped in drug/alcohol abuse?

B. Explain ‘addiction’ and ‘dependence’ in respect of drug/alcohol abuse in youth.