Q20 of 33 Page 1

Study the cartoon given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:


(i) Identify and name the person who is holding the balancing beam between the public sector and the private sector.


(ii) Why has a big tilt towards the public sector been shown in the cartoon?


(iii) How did the over-emphasis on public sector adversely affect the Indian economy?

(i) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

(ii) The big tilt towards public sector is shown because the important sector industries including heavy industries, agricultural sector were controlled by the state.


(iii) The state interventions alone in these key areas led to the rise of new group called middle class which enjoyed the benefit of high salary compared to the poor, and there was not much accountability on this class that led to the upsurge of corruption.


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18

Study the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The lack of genuine international support for democratic rule in Pakistan has further encouraged the military to continue its dominance. The United States and other Western countries have encouraged the military’s authoritarian rule in the past, for their own reasons. Given their fear of the threat of what they call ‘global Islamic terrorism’ and the apprehension that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might fall into the hands of these terrorist groups, the military regime in Pakistan has been seen as the protector of Western interests in West Asia and South Asia.


(i) What is meant by ‘global Islamic terrorism’?


(ii) Why did Pakistan lack genuine international support for democratic rule?


(iii) Why was the military regime in Pakistan considered as the protector of Western interests in West Asia and South Asia?

 19

Study the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :

Critics of popular movements often argue that collective actions like strikes, sit-ins and rallies disrupt the functioning of the government, delay decision-making and destabilise the routines of democracy. Such an argument invites a deeper question: why do these movements resort to such assertive forms of action? We have seen that popular movements have raised legitimate demands of the people and have involved large scale participation of citizens. It should be noted that the groups mobilised by these movements are poor, socially and economically disadvantaged sections of the society from marginal social groups.


(i) Popular movements resort to which two types of assertive actions ?


(ii) How far do you agree with the arguments given by the critics ?


(iii) Why are groups involved in popular movements mostly from marginal social groups ?

 21

In the given political outline map of the World, five countries have been shown as and . With the help of the information given below, identify these countries and write their correct names along with the serial number of the information used and the related alphabet as per the following format in your answer-book:

 22

Highlight the circumstances which gave birth to the idea of New International Economic Order (NIEO). Explain any two factors that weakened this initiative.