Q16 of 29 Page 1

What was the impact of Imposition of National Emergency (1975) on party system in India?

OR


What were the factors that led to the popularity of India Gandhi‟s government in the early 1970‟s?

The national emergency of 1975 was proclaimed in response to the petition filed Raj

Narain to declare Indira Gandhi’s election invalid. The President Fakhruddin Adi Ahmad, on the


advice of Indira Gandhi, declared a national emergency. Its impact on the party system in India is


highlighted below :


After the end of this emergency, most of the prominent national parties came together and formed a Janta party.


Congress lost the 1977 elections against the Janata party. Congress also split up and formed the Congress (I) party.


Janata party was portrayed as an alternative to Congress.


However, due to splits and conflicts, Janata party could not continue its tenure of five years.


It got dissolved in 1980 and this led to the midterm elections.


In this 1980 election, Congress came back to power at the centre level but the Non-Congress parties won at the state level.


This led to a more diverse and competitive political party system in India.


OR


The factors that led to the popularity of India Gandhi‟s government in the early 1970‟s are :


Indira Gandhi focused on maintaining the socialist credentials and this was mainly the reason behind her winning of the 1971 elections.


She introduced many land reforms legislations and land ceiling legislation


She reduced the dependence on other parties and focused on strengthening her own party.


Her popularity was also enhanced due to the East Pakistan and Indo- Pak war to establish Bangladesh as an independent one


She was seen as a protector of the poor and a helper of the underprivileged


Thus, Congress gained popularity and became in power once again.


More from this chapter

All 29 →
14

“China followed its own path in introducing a market economy”. Justify this statement with four suitable arguments?

OR


How far is it correct to describe ASEAN as an alternative Centre of power in the world?

 15

State the political impact of globalization on the world?

 17

Read the following passage and answer the following questions-

There is a growing significance of environmental as well as resource issues in the world politics. If the various governments take steps to check environmental degradation, these issues will have political consequences. Most of them are such that no single government can address them fully. At the Rio Summit, the first world countries were pursuing a different environmental agenda than the third world countries. The Indian government is already participating in global efforts through a number of programmes. India‟s International negotiating position relies heavily on the principles of UNFCCC.


(i) How the First World countries pursued a different environmental agenda from the third world countries?


(ii) The issue of global warming has deeply affected the world. Substantiate the statement with three examples.


OR


Read the following passage and answer the questions below-


Globalization as a concept fundamentally deals with flows. These flows could be of various kinds- Ideas moving from one part of the world to another, capital shunted between two or more places, commodities being traded across borders, and people moving in search of better livelihoods to different parts of the world. The crucial element is the worldwide „interconnectedness‟ that is created and sustained as a consequence of these constant flows. Globalization is a multi-dimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately distinguished.


(i) “Globalization is a multi-dimensional concept”. Justify.


(ii) In Globalization, the crucial element is the „worldwide interconnectedness‟. Substantiate the statement with two suitable examples.


(iii) How the disintegration of USSR helped in spreading globalization across the world?

 18

Read the given passage and answer the following questions.

The Naxalite movement has used force to snatch land from the rich landowners and give it to the poor and the landless. Its supporters advocated the use of violent means to achieve their political goals. In spite of the use of preventive detention and other strong measures adopted by the West Bengal government run by the Congress Party, the Naxalite movement did not come to an end. In later years, it spread to many other parts of the country. The Naxalite Movement has by now splintered into various parties and organizations. Some of these parties like the CPI-ML (Liberation) participate in open democratic politics. Nine states are affected by Naxalite violence. Most of these are very backward areas inhabited by Adivasis.


(a) Why was Naxalite movement considered as a threat to the democracy?


(b) How the Naxalite movement came into existence?


(c) Why the role of the Indian government has been criticized by various Human Rights Activist in dealing with Naxalites?


OR


Read the given passage and answer the following questions:


The year 1967 is considered as a landmark year in India’s political and electoral history. The Congress party remained a dominant force throughout the country from 1952 onwards. This trend was to undergo significant changes with the 1967 elections… It was in the context of heightened popular discontent and the polarization of popular forces that the fourth general elections of the Lok Sabha and State assemblies were held in February 1967. The results jolted the Congress at both the national and state levels. Many contemporary political observers described the elections as a political earthquake.


(a) Analyze the socio-economic and political context of fourth general elections in India.


(b) Why the 1967 general elections were described as a „political earthquake‟ by many political


observers?