State the causes responsible for the rise of the Congress system in India.

OR

Highlight the political ideology of the Communist Party of India.

The causes responsible for the Rise of the Congress system in India are:

a) Congress was basically a coalition in its features. It was able to accommodate those who joined it. This gave it a strength to strike a balance on almost every issue.

b) Since it was a coalition, it was able to tolerate a greater degree of internal differences and the ambitions of different groups and leaders were also easily accommodated.

c) Even if one group was unhappy with the position of the Congress or with its share of power, it chose to remain with the party and fight the other groups rather than leaving the party and becoming an opposition.

d) Such parties called factions had different ideologies which made the Congress party appear as a centrist party on the whole.

e) The other parties tried to attempt to influence these factions and indirectly influenced the policy.

f) Thus, all the political competition took place within the Congress itself.

g) It was observed as a group of leaders who had initiated the struggle of freedom, appearing as participants in the Congress.

h) it had an organisational network all the way down to the local level

So in the first 10 years of elections, the Congress acted both as the ruling party as well as the opposition party within itself. It is also the reason why this period has Indian politics been called the Congress system.

OR

The Communist Party emerged in 1920 in different parts of India. It was inspired by the Bolshevik revolution in Russia. The important leaders of this party were E.M.S. Namboodiripad, P.C. Joshi, Ajay Ghosh etc.

The political ideology of the Communist Party of India at the time of independence is highlighted below:

a) This party believed in the ideology of communism. It was secular, modern, and authoritarian. They wanted to bring about a change in the nature of Congress but used violence to achieve their means.

b) They were also concerned about the nature of the country's independence. It was a debate that whether this freedom is a scam or does it truly exist.

c) When India gained independence in 1947, this was not true and encouraged violence in Telangana region.

d) In 1951, the Communist Party decided to leave the violent methods used by it in the past and to participate in the upcoming general elections