Q17 of 29 Page 1

Read the following passage and answer the following questions-

There is a growing significance of environmental as well as resource issues in the world politics. If the various governments take steps to check environmental degradation, these issues will have political consequences. Most of them are such that no single government can address them fully. At the Rio Summit, the first world countries were pursuing a different environmental agenda than the third world countries. The Indian government is already participating in global efforts through a number of programmes. India‟s International negotiating position relies heavily on the principles of UNFCCC.


(i) How the First World countries pursued a different environmental agenda from the third world countries?


(ii) The issue of global warming has deeply affected the world. Substantiate the statement with three examples.


OR


Read the following passage and answer the questions below-


Globalization as a concept fundamentally deals with flows. These flows could be of various kinds- Ideas moving from one part of the world to another, capital shunted between two or more places, commodities being traded across borders, and people moving in search of better livelihoods to different parts of the world. The crucial element is the worldwide „interconnectedness‟ that is created and sustained as a consequence of these constant flows. Globalization is a multi-dimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately distinguished.


(i) “Globalization is a multi-dimensional concept”. Justify.


(ii) In Globalization, the crucial element is the „worldwide interconnectedness‟. Substantiate the statement with two suitable examples.


(iii) How the disintegration of USSR helped in spreading globalization across the world?

(i) The Rio Summit was attended by a number of countries, which can be roughly divided into two categories- The rich and developed ‘First World’ countries on one hand and the poorer, less developed ‘Third World’ countries on the other hand. The First World countries pursued a different environmental agenda from the Third world countries. They wanted to address the issues of ozone depletion and global warming. They also wanted every country to participate in the ecological conservation of the countries as well as held every country accountable for it.

The Third World countries wanted to focus on the link between economic development and environmental degradation. They felt that most of the environmental degradation was due to the activities of the First World countries.


(ii) Yes, the issue of global warming has deeply affected the world in the following ways:


The level of ozone layer around the Earth’s atmosphere is continuously declining. Thus,e exposing the Earth to many harmful situations.


The natural forests are being cut down. This has affected the climate, the level of forest produce obtained by humans, a large scale displacement of people and loss of biodiversity.


The water bodies have suffered extreme conditions mainly due to the increasing industrial activities, This has also led to a negative impact on marine life.


OR


(i) Globalisation is a multidimensional concept as it includes all the political, cultural, economic, technological aspects. It is not just a political or economic concept.


(ii) In Globalization, the crucial element is the worldwide interconnectedness. For example, the movement of people from one place to another, mainly in search of a job, and the movement of capital from one place to another.


(iii) The disintegration of USSR had helped in spreading of globalization across the world. This is because USSR favoured the ideology of communism. With its disintegration, this ideology was replaced with capitalism. This further spread with the Second World War. So, globalization spread at a faster pace across the world.


More from this chapter

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15

State the political impact of globalization on the world?

 16

What was the impact of Imposition of National Emergency (1975) on party system in India?

OR


What were the factors that led to the popularity of India Gandhi‟s government in the early 1970‟s?

 18

Read the given passage and answer the following questions.

The Naxalite movement has used force to snatch land from the rich landowners and give it to the poor and the landless. Its supporters advocated the use of violent means to achieve their political goals. In spite of the use of preventive detention and other strong measures adopted by the West Bengal government run by the Congress Party, the Naxalite movement did not come to an end. In later years, it spread to many other parts of the country. The Naxalite Movement has by now splintered into various parties and organizations. Some of these parties like the CPI-ML (Liberation) participate in open democratic politics. Nine states are affected by Naxalite violence. Most of these are very backward areas inhabited by Adivasis.


(a) Why was Naxalite movement considered as a threat to the democracy?


(b) How the Naxalite movement came into existence?


(c) Why the role of the Indian government has been criticized by various Human Rights Activist in dealing with Naxalites?


OR


Read the given passage and answer the following questions:


The year 1967 is considered as a landmark year in India’s political and electoral history. The Congress party remained a dominant force throughout the country from 1952 onwards. This trend was to undergo significant changes with the 1967 elections… It was in the context of heightened popular discontent and the polarization of popular forces that the fourth general elections of the Lok Sabha and State assemblies were held in February 1967. The results jolted the Congress at both the national and state levels. Many contemporary political observers described the elections as a political earthquake.


(a) Analyze the socio-economic and political context of fourth general elections in India.


(b) Why the 1967 general elections were described as a „political earthquake‟ by many political


observers?

 19

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Article 370 gives greater autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir as compared to other states of India. The state has its own constitution. All provisions of the Indian constitution are not applicable to the state. Laws passed by the Parliament apply to J&K only if the state agrees. This special status has provoked two opposite reactions. There is a section of people outside J&K that believe that the special status of the state conferred by article 370 does not allow full integration of the state with India. This section feels that Article 370 should, therefore, be revoked and J&K should be like any other state in India.


a) The people of Kashmir have strongly resisted the question of repeal of article 370 from Indian


Constitution. Analyze any three reasons for the same.


(b) Suggest any two steps that can be taken to improve the situation in Kashmir.