Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

All proponents of human security agree that its primary goal is the protection of individuals. However, there are differences in precisely what threats individuals should be protected from. Proponents of the ‘narrow’ concept of human security focus on violent threats to individuals.

(i) Which type of security is the main concern of ‘human security’?

(ii) What would you like to include under the ‘broad’ concept of human security? Explain.

(iii) Identify any four threats from which individuals should be protected.

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow :

India did not follow any of the two known paths to development. Elements from both these models were taken and mixed together in India. That is why the Indian economy was described as ‘mixed economy’.

(i) Name the two models / paths to development.

(ii) Why was either of the two models not fully accepted by India? Give at least one major reason for each.

(iii) Highlight any two features of India’s mixed economy based on the above said, two models.

OR

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below :

India is not the only country to have experienced the dominance of one party. If we look around the world, we find many other examples of one-party dominance. But there is a crucial difference between these and the Indian experience. In the rest of the cases, the dominance of one party was ensured by compromising democracy. In some countries like China, Cuba and Syria, the constitution permits only a single party to rule the country.

(i) Which political party dominated the political scene of India after independence and how long?

(ii) How did the one-party dominance in India differ from that of China?

(iii) Highlight any two drawbacks of a single party rule.

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the question that follows:

It is important to remember that India chose to involve other members of the nonaligned group in this mission of reducing tension. During the Cold War, India repeatedly tried to activate those regional and international organizations, which were not a part of alliances led by the US and the USSR. Nehru reposed great faith in ‘a genuine commonwealth of free and co-operating nations’ that would play a positive role in softening, if not ending, the Cold War’.

(i) Explain the meaning of the Cold War.

(ii) Explain India’s response to then-ongoing Cold War.

(iii) Highlight any two features of India’s policy of Non-alignment.

OR

Read the following passage and answer the following questions :

India has maintained good relations with all the post-communist countries. But the strongest relations are still those between Russia and India. India’s relations with Russia are an important aspect of India’s foreign policy. Indo-Russian relations are embedded in a history of trust and common interests and are matched by popular perceptions. Indian heroes from Raj Kapoor to Amitabh Bachchan are household names in Russia and many post-Soviet countries. One can hear Hindi film songs all over the region, and India is part of the popular memory.

(i) What is meant by the post-communist countries?

(ii) Explain any two factors responsible for strong relations between India and Russia.

(iii) How are India’s relations with Russia an important aspect of India’s foreign policy?

In the political outline map of India given above, five states have been marked as A , B , C , D and E . Identify these states on the basis of information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabet in the map as per the following format.

(i) The state where a violent incident took place at Godhara in 2002.

(ii) The state which was earlier known as Madras.

(iii) The state which has the maximum number of seats in India in its Legislative Assembly.

(iv) The state to which Laldenga belonged.

(v) The state which integrated with India in 1975 as the 22nd State of India.

Note : The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 21.

21.1 Name the state where a violent incident took place in 2002 at Godhara.

21.2 Which state was earlier known as Madras ?

21.3 Which state integrated with India in 1975 as the 22nd state ?

21.4 To which state did Laldenga belong ?

21.5 Name the state which has the maximum number of seats in India in its Legislative Assembly.