Explain the circumstances that led to the creation of Bangladesh. How did Bangladesh succeed in establishing a representative democracy based on the multiparty system?

OR

Explain any six reasons for the rise of the Chinese economy.

CREATION OF BANGLADESH

a) Bangladesh had been a part of Pakistan till 1971. However, Bangladeshis were not happy with the dominance of West Pakistan on their government. They hated that Urdu had been imposed as their national language, and were sceptical of the government.

b) Consequently, several protests were organized against West Pakistan. These were led Sheikh Mujib Rahman, whose political party was Awami League.

c) The Awami League won all East Pakistan seats in the 1970 elections and also won enough support to form the government at the national level. However, West Pakistan’s rulers did not allow him to form the government but captured him.

d) Under General Zahya Khan, Bengali protests against the capture of Sheikh Mujib were suppressed violently. This led to the mass migration of Bengalis into India.

e) Indi decided to support Bangladesh’s demand for independence, and eventually, Bangladesh was formed in 1971, with Sheikh Mujib as its leader.

ESTABLISHING DEMOCRACY

a) While Bangladesh drafted a constitution that secured democracy and secularism, Sheikh Mujib amended the constitution in 1975 to a Presidential form of government.

b) He made political parties, other than his, illegal.

c) However, he was assassinated, and so was his successor. The country came under the military rule of Ershad.

d) Ershad had to give up his seat in 1990, faced by massive protests led by students.

e) In 1991, elections were organized, and Bangladesh has been a democracy since.

OR

a) ESTABLISHING RELATIONS WITH USA: In 1972, China decided to revive its relations with the United States, and propose the ‘four modernization’- agriculture, industry, science and technology, military.

b) OPEN DOOR POLICY: The economy was opened to foreign markets, in order to increase productivity by investing in technology and capital.

c) This was followed by PRIVATIZATION OF AGRICULTURE in 1982. This improved agricultural production and rural incomes. It also created high rural savings

d) PRIVATISATION OF INDUSTRY in 1988 led to massive FDI pouring into the country.

e) SEZs: Special Economic Zones were developed to attract foreign investors.

f) GOVERNMENT CONTROL: The government continued to control, influence and organize the market economy.