Q16 of 42 Page 1

Describe any four types of excesses made during the Emergency imposed in 1975.

OR


Mention any four outcomes of the fourth general elections held in India in 1967.


In 1975 when a non-congress leader organized demanding resignation of PM Indira Gandhi. As a consequence, the government invoked Article 375 and declared a state of emergency.


Four types of excesses made during the Emergency of 1975 are:
OR



Four outcomes of Forth General Election are:


• Congress lost its majority in both Central and States.


• The coalition government was formed as none of the parties won the majority.


• The defection was another major problem that weakened the political control of Congress.


• Indira Gandhi faced a major problem within her party. It was from the ‘Syndicate' who wanted to control her actions. When she wanted to work independently, she faced hurdles from this syndicate. In 1969, when the Congress split, this problem came into broader light.


More from this chapter

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14

Explain any two major differences between the First Five Year Plan and the Second Five Year Plan.

OR


Explain the circumstances that led to the accession of Hyderabad to India in 1948.


 15

State any four events that are responsible for the strained relations between India and China.

 17

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions :

It meant the end of Cold War confrontations. The ideological dispute over whether the socialist system would beat the capitalist system was not an issue any more. Since this dispute had engaged the military of the two blocs, had triggered a massive arms race and accumulation of nuclear weapons ........, the end of confrontation demanded an end to this arms race and a possible new peace.


(i) Name the two alliances that were in confrontation during the Cold War.


(ii) Why did the arms race lead to a demand for peace ? Explain.


(iii) Why was accumulation of nuclear weapons considered as a great danger to the global environment ?


OR


Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions :


Non-alignment is also not neutrality. Neutrality refers principally to a policy of staying out of war. States practising neutrality are not required to help end a war. They do not get involved in wars and do not take any position on the appropriateness or morality of a war. Non-aligned states, including India, were actually involved in wars for various reasons.


(i) Define Non-alignment.


(ii) Differentiate between non-alignment and neutrality.


(iii) Inspite of being non-aligned states, why were some states involved in war ? Give any one reason.


 18

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions :

The Indian security strategy is geared towards meeting security challenges within the country. Several militant groups, from time to time, have sought to break away from India. India has tried to preserve national unity by adopting a democratic political system.


(i) The militants of which two areas have sought to break away from India ?


(ii) In your opinion, how far is the demand of the militant groups to break away from India justified ? Explain.


(iii) In which two ways does the democratic political system help to bring unity in diversity in India ?