Q19 of 29 Page 1

Read the following passage and answer the following questions:

India wanted to generate atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Nehru was against nuclear weapons. So he pleaded with the superpowers for comprehensive nuclear disarmament. However, the nuclear arsenal kept rising. When Communist China conducted nuclear tests in October 1964, the five nuclear weapon powers, the USSR. USA, UK, France and China ( Taiwan represented china) impose the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 on the rest of the world. India always considered the NPT as discriminatory and had refused to sign it. When India conducted its first nuclear test, it was termed as peaceful explosion. India argued that it was committed to the policy of using nuclear power only for peaceful purposes.


a) What was the plea of Nehru with regard to nuclear energy?


b) When did India conduct s its first nuclear test and why?


c) Why India always considered the NPT as discriminatory and had refused to sign it?

a) Jawaharlal Nehru was against generation the usage of nuclear power for weapons generation but wanted it used for peaceful purposes. With this viewpoint, he had pleaded with the superpowers like the United States and Russia for comprehensive nuclear disarmament.


b) Nehru was a pragmatic leader and always believed in the ability to utilize science and technology for the rapid development of a modern India. This led to the first testing of nuclear powers in the country on 18th May, 1974.


c) Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT has always been considered unfair by India as it aims to legitimize the monopoly of the five winning powers or nuclear powers of the Second World War with respect to nuclear weapons. Its traditional viewpoint has always been either complete disarmament of nuclear weapons or equal opportunities regarding the same for all countries. The discriminatory nature of the NPT caused India’s refusal to sign it and also oppose its indefinite extension in 1995.


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17

Read the following passage and answer the following questions-

The Central Asian countries wanted to take advantage of their geographical location and continue their close ties with Russia and also to establish ties with the West, the US, China and others. Thus, the international system saw many new players emerge, each with its own identity, interests, and economic and political difficulties. It is to these issues that we now turn.


a) Why did the Central Asian countries want to maintain ties with both Russia and the West?


b) Name the new players that emerged in the international system after the disintegration of USSR


c) Mention any two profound consequences of it on world politics.

 18

Read the following passage and answer the following questions:

There has been an attempt in India to develop its economy in a way that the vast mass of citizens are lifted out of poverty and misery and huge economic inequalities are not allowed to exist. The attempt has not quite succeeded; we are still a very poor and unequal country. Yet democratic politics allows spaces for articulating the voice of the poor and the deprived citizens. There is a pressure on the democratically elected governments to combine economic growth with human development. Thus, democracy is not just a political ideal; a democratic government is also a way to provide greater security


a) Mention the major security threats to India.


b) Highlight the broad components of security strategy of democratic India.

 20

Read the following Cartoon and answer the following questions


a) What is the basic idea of this cartoon?


b) What does this cartoon say about the nature of hegemony?


c) Mention any two examples of its structural power

 20

Note. The following question is for the visually impaired children in lieu of Q20


a) Which country in the world is having global dominance


b) Mention the cultural dominance of that country in the world


c) State its structural hegemony