Q20 of 29 Page 1

Read the following Cartoon and answer the following questions


a) What is the basic idea of this cartoon?


b) What does this cartoon say about the nature of hegemony?


c) Mention any two examples of its structural power

a) The basic idea behind the given cartoon is the representation of the influence of the dollar and in turn of the United States as the largest economy on the rest of the world. In spite of the various problems, the dollar has remained as the preferred and effective medium of exchange in the world market and dominates the international transactions of the world.


b) Hegemony by definition the social, cultural, ideological, and/or economic influence exerted by a dominant group. The given cartoon being a representation of the dominance of the US dollar on the world economy depicts this influence in a literal and figurative manner, thereby explaining the nature of hegemony.


c) Hegemony can be expressed in a variety of ways. Dominance of superpowers like the US on the grounds of its ability to create and support the existence of economic models and structures refers to the structural power of hegemony. In the case of the United States, two examples include –


• In the world economy it provides global public goods like sea lanes of communication (SLOCs) which are utilized by other merchant ships. The US Navy ensures freedom of navigation in international waters.


• Internet was a result of US military research but is now a global public good.


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18

Read the following passage and answer the following questions:

There has been an attempt in India to develop its economy in a way that the vast mass of citizens are lifted out of poverty and misery and huge economic inequalities are not allowed to exist. The attempt has not quite succeeded; we are still a very poor and unequal country. Yet democratic politics allows spaces for articulating the voice of the poor and the deprived citizens. There is a pressure on the democratically elected governments to combine economic growth with human development. Thus, democracy is not just a political ideal; a democratic government is also a way to provide greater security


a) Mention the major security threats to India.


b) Highlight the broad components of security strategy of democratic India.

 19

Read the following passage and answer the following questions:

India wanted to generate atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Nehru was against nuclear weapons. So he pleaded with the superpowers for comprehensive nuclear disarmament. However, the nuclear arsenal kept rising. When Communist China conducted nuclear tests in October 1964, the five nuclear weapon powers, the USSR. USA, UK, France and China ( Taiwan represented china) impose the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 on the rest of the world. India always considered the NPT as discriminatory and had refused to sign it. When India conducted its first nuclear test, it was termed as peaceful explosion. India argued that it was committed to the policy of using nuclear power only for peaceful purposes.


a) What was the plea of Nehru with regard to nuclear energy?


b) When did India conduct s its first nuclear test and why?


c) Why India always considered the NPT as discriminatory and had refused to sign it?

 20

Note. The following question is for the visually impaired children in lieu of Q20


a) Which country in the world is having global dominance


b) Mention the cultural dominance of that country in the world


c) State its structural hegemony

 21

In the given political outline map of India, five states have been marked as (A), (B),(C),(D) and (E). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the following format.


i. State which was the protectorate of India but became 22nd state of Indian union


ii. State which is related with article 370 of the Indian constitution


iii. State where the Chipko Movement began


iv. State where The Operation Blue Star was launched


v. State which is highly affected the Naxalites