Fill in the blanks by selecting the appropriate alternative from those given in brackets.

(i) Regulation of activities inside the body is brought about by ……….. and ………………..systems. (nervous/digestive/endocrine)

(ii) Hormones are secreted directly into the ………………………………. (organs/lymph/blood.)

(iii) Chemically, some hormones are ……….., some steroids, some ……………. (proteins/amines/carbohydrates.)

(iv) Both …………………..or deficiency of hormones leads to serious consequences (excess/absence.)

(v) Hormones produced in one species usually show ……………………influence in other species. (similar/different).

(i) Nervous, endocrine

Explanation: Regulation of activities inside the body are brought about by nervous and endocrine systems where nervous system regulates function by transmitting electro – chemical impulse through the nerve fibres and the endocrine system regulates functions by transmitting chemical messengers called hormones through blood.

(ii) Blood

Explanation: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream without any duct.

(iii) Proteins, amines

Explanation: Chemically hormones are proteins, amines, and steroids in nature. Examples of proteins derived hormones are FSH, TSH, insulin. Examples of steroids derived hormones are testosterone and amines derived hormones are adrenaline, melatonin.

(iv) Excess

Explanation: Excess secretion of hormones also called hypersecretion causes disorders. For example hypersecretion of growth hormones causes gigantism. Deficiency of secretion of hormones i.e. hyposecretion also causes various disorders. Example- hyposecretion of growth hormone causes dwarfism.

(v) Similar

Explanation: Hormones produced in one species usually show similar influence in other species. For example, insulin produced in humans and rats and cows functions exactly the same way. Most of the time the insulin shots taken by diabetic people are purified bovine (cattle) insulin.