Q5 of 39 Page 143

Match the items of column I with those of column II.







































Column I



Column II



1. ‘β’ (beta) cells of islets of Langerhans



(a) Condition due to undersecretion of thyroxine in adults.



2. Thyroid



(b) Glucocorticoids



3. Cretinism



(c) Exophthalmic goiter



4. Addison’s disease



(d) Increases heartbeat



5. Hypothyroidism



(e) Thyroxine



6. Myxoedema



(f) Adrenal cortex



7. Adrenaline



(g) Insulin



8. Cortisone



(h) Undersecretion of thyroxine in a child.


1 – g


Explanation: Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans present in the pancreas secrete insulin which converts excess glucose into glycogen and store it in the liver.


2 – c


Explanation: Thyroxine is secreted by thyroid gland which regulates the basal metabolism and its oversecretion causes a condition called exophthalmic goitre


3 – h


Explanation: Cretinism is a condition which occurs in children when there is hyposecretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland. In this condition, a child becomes dwarf and mentally retarded.


4 – f


Explanation: Undersecretion from adrenal cortex causes a condition called Addison’s disease. A person with this condition shows low blood sugar, loss of energy, skin pigmentation, loss of weight, susceptible to infection etc.


5 – e


Explanation: In biological terms, undersecretion of thyroxine can be called as hypothyroidism.


6 – a


Explanation: Myxoedema is a condition which occurs in adults due to undersecretion of thyroxine where a person becomes sluggish and has swelling in his face and hands.


7 – d


Explanation: Adrenaline is secreted by adrenal glands during emergency situation which is accompanied by increased heartbeat, breathing rate etc.


8 – b


Explanation: Cortisone is a glucocorticoid hormone that regulates carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.


More from this chapter

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3

Choose the odd one out from each series

(a) The glands- thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, prostate ………………………….


(b) The conditions - cretinism, myxoedema, goitre, scurvy ………………………….


(c) The hormones - insulin, glucagon, cretinism, thyroxine…………………………


(d) The hormonal sources – adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, cortisone, pituitary………………..

 4

Identify the odd one in each of the following and mention what the rest are:

(a) Larynx; glucagon; testosterone; prolactin..............


(b) Adrenaline; penicillin; insulin; thyroxin................


(c) Stomach; ileum; liver; adrenaline...........................


(d) TSH; GH; ADH; insulin. ....................................


(e) Iodine, cretinism, goitre, myxoedema. ..........................

 6

Match the conditions in Column A with the cause in Column B.































A (Condition)



B (Cause)



(a) Dwarfism and mental retardation



(i) Shortage of glucose in blood.



(b) Diabetes mellitus



(ii) Oversecretion of growth hormone.



(c) Excess of glucose in blood.



(iii) Insulin shock.



(d) Gigantism



(iv) Oversecretion of thyroxine



(e) Enlargement of breasts in adult males



(v) Hypothyroidism



(f) Exophthalmic goiter



(vi) Oversecretion of cortical hormones.


 1

Mention which of the statements are true (T) and which are false (F). Give reason in support of your answer.

(a) Adrenaline is often described as the emergency hormone. (T/F)


(b) There are two kinds of diabetes (mild and severe) related to two different hormones. (T/F)


(c) Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodized salt in food. (T/F)


(d) Pituitary is popularly called the master gland. (T/F)


(e) Hormones "obey" the commands like "enough, slow down or "too little, speed up". (T/F)


(f) Gigantism and dwarfism in humans basically depend on the quality and quantity of the food eaten during the early growing age. (T/F)