Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative from those given for each:

(i) The thyroid is located close to ………………(larynx/kidney).

(ii) Cretinism is caused due to ……………….. of thyroxin (undersecretion/oversecretion)

(iii) Over-secretion of thyroxin causes ………………… goitre. (simple/exophthalmic)

(iv) The condition showing swelling of face and hands and sluggishness due to hypothyroidism is called …………………………… (cretinism/myxoedema)

(v) The hormone concerned with facing dangers is ……………………… (thyroxine/cortisone/adrenalin)

(vi) Cortex and medulla are the two regions of ……………………………………(thyroid/adrenal)

(vii) One of the effects of increased secretion of adrenaline is …………………………. (Dry mouth/slowing of heartbeat/face flushed with blood)

(i) Larynx

Explanation: Thyroid is a bilobed structure situated just below the larynx in front of the neck.

(ii) Under-secretion

Explanation: Due to undersecretion of thyroxin a condition called cretinism occurs in childhood which affects the growth of children showing dwarfism and mental retardation.

(iii) Exophthalmic

Explanation: Hypersecretion of thyroxin causes exophthalmic goitre whose symptoms are increasing in metabolic rate, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, protruded eyes.

(iv) Myxoedema

Explanation: Hyposecretion of thyroxin causes myxoedema in adults where the person becomes sluggish with swelling on face and hands.

(v) Adrenalin

Explanation: During emergency situation adrenalin secreted by adrenal glands prepare the body to face the danger or run away from it so it is also called emergency hormone.

(vi) Adrenal

Explanation: Adrenal glands are cap-like structures above two kidneys which consists of the peripheral cortex and central medulla.

(vii) Dry mouth

Explanation: During stress situation, a lot of adrenaline is secreted which constricts the arterioles of the digestive system as a result less blood reaches the digestive system whose one of the effect is dry mouth.

Note: Flushed face occurs due to draining of blood from the face. This can happen during fear or anxiety both of the feelings controlled by the hormone adrenaline.