Q4 of 28 Page 1

Analyse the problems being faced by the archaeologists to reconstruct the religious practices of Harappans.

Archaeologists have faced many problems while interpreting the religious practices of Harappans. Unfamiliar structures like the terracotta figurines of women wearing heavy jewellery was recognised as female goddess. Similarly, several seals, plant motifs indicated nature worship. Then ‘proto-Shiva’ seals called Rudra, are seen as the later version of Hindu god Shiva. These problems arises because archaeologists, look for the known in the unknown i.e. from present to the past.


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2

Explain any two strategies evolved by the Brahmins to enforce Varna

order during the Mahabharata period.


 3

State any two outcomes of the Cabinet Mission Plan.

OR


State any two outcomes of the Provincial elections held in 1946.


 5

Explain the reasons why the British took upon themselves the task of town planning from the early years of their rule in Bengal. Mention any two steps taken by them to clean Calcutta.

 6

Describe Ibn Battuta’s description of Indian system of communication.

OR


Describe Al-Biruni’s description of the caste system in India.