Difference between simple goiter and exophthalmia goiter?

The thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. It is located at the front of the neck just above where your collarbones meet. The gland makes the hormones that control the way every cell in the body uses energy. This process is called metabolism.

Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter. The body needs iodine to produce thyroid hormone. If you do not have enough iodine in your diet, the thyroid gets larger to try and capture all the iodine it can, so it can make the right amount of thyroid hormone. So, a goiter can be a sign the thyroid is not able to make enough thyroid hormone.

Simple goiter is caused by Hypo secretion of Thyroxin by the Thyroid gland. It causes swelling of the thyroid region of the neck. A goiter is more often due to the over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones or to nodules that develop in the gland itself.

Exophthalmia goiter is caused by hyper secretion of Thyroxin by the Thyroid gland. It causes protruding eyeballs.

Graves disease, also called toxic diffuse goiter or exophthalmia goiter, endocrine disorder that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism (excess secretion of thyroid hormone) and thyrotoxicosis (effects of excess thyroid hormone action in tissue). In Graves’s disease the excessive secretion of thyroid hormone is accompanied by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland (diffuse goiter). The thyroid gland may be slightly enlarged or several time its normal size. The increased thyroid hormone production results in the symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism.

Graves disease is an autoimmune disease (i.e., when the body reacts to its own tissues as though they were foreign substances). Patients with Graves’s disease produce antibodies that act on the thyroid to increase thyroid hormone production and thyroid size