Name two hormones that are constituents of contraceptive pills. Why do they have high and effective contraceptive value? Name a commonly prescribed non-steroidal oral pill.

OR

(a) How are Parthenocarpic fruits produced by some plants and apomictic seeds by some others? Explain.

(b) When do farmers prefer using apomictic seeds?

• Progestrone and estrogen are two hormones that constitute contraceptive pills.

• Progestrone-estrogen inhibits ovulation. Once ovulation is inhibited there’s no ovum to fertilize, hence no pregnancy.

OR

a) In case of parthenocarpic fruits, the ovary develops into fruit without fertilization taking place. Apomictic seeds are produced without fertilization as well. Apomictic seeds are clones of the mother plant. The seeds are produced from the flowers like regular seeds but there if no pollen involvement.

b) Farmers use apomictic seeds when they want to maintain certain hybrid characters for years at stretch. Using apomictic seeds also prevents them from buying expensive hybrids seeds every year.