Differentiate between homology and analogy. Give one example of each.

What is a test cross? How can it decipher the heterozygosity of a plant?

A. What do ‘Y’ and ‘B’ stand for in ‘YAC’ and ‘BAC’ used in Human Genome Project (HGP). Mention their role in the project.

B. Write the percentage of the total human genome that codes for proteins and the percentage of discovered genes whose functions are known as observed during HGP.

C. Expand ‘SNPs’ identified by scientists in HGP.

A. It is generally observed that the children who had suffered from chicken – pox in their childhood may not contract the same disease in their adulthood. Explain giving reasons the basis of such an immunity in an individual. Name this kind of immunity.

B. What are interferons? Mention their role.

A. Write the two limitations of traditional breeding technique that led to the promotion of micropropagation.

B. Mention two advantages of micro propagation.

C. Give two examples where it is commercially adopted.