Q12 of 51 Page 1

What is a test cross? How can it decipher the heterozygosity of a plant?

Test cross is a simple method used to verify whether genotype of dominant individual of F1 generation is homozygous or heterozygous. On crossing with a recessive parent, if 50% of progeny have dominant trait and 50% have recessive trait then the plant is said to be heterozygous.


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11

A. Name the organic material exine of the pollen grain is made up of. How is this material advantageous to pollen grain?

B. Still, it is observed that it does not form a continuous layer around the pollen grain. Give reason.


C. How are ‘pollen banks’ useful?

 11

A. Mention the problems that are taken care of by Reproduction and Child Health Care programme.

B. What is amniocentesis and why there is a statutory ban on it?

 13

A. What do ‘Y’ and ‘B’ stand for in ‘YAC’ and ‘BAC’ used in Human Genome Project (HGP). Mention their role in the project.

B. Write the percentage of the total human genome that codes for proteins and the percentage of discovered genes whose functions are known as observed during HGP.


C. Expand ‘SNPs’ identified by scientists in HGP.

 14

Differentiate between homology and analogy. Give one example of each.