Which of the following statements about Non-Aligned Movement during 1970s does not match with its ideology ?

(a) The organisation was against racial discrimination.

(b) It worked for economic independence of small countries.

(c) It promoted the policy of isolation and neutrality.

(d) Its member countries did not join any military alliance.

OR

Which among the following statements about Cold War is false ?

(a) It led to the outbreak of another world war.

(b) It was an ideological war between the two super powers.

(c) It was a competition between the US and the Soviet alliances.

(d) It triggered an arms race among countries of rival alliances.

Ans: (c)

Option a is incorrect as the Non- Aligned Movement saw the participation of various countries with different racial backgrounds. Thus, the organisation by nature was against racial discrimination and it matched the ideology.

Majority of the countries in the Non-Aligned Movement were Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and the movement aimed to gain their economic independence through various policies and treaties. Hence, option b is incorrect as it matches the ideology.

Option C is the correct answer as the concept of non-alignment does not promote isolation and neutrality. The countries involved in the movement acted as a buffer between the super powers to promote peace and stability in the world.

Option D is incorrect as several countries in the movement participated in warfare.

OR

Ans: (a)

Although the two rival superpowers US and the USSR were engaged in in a variety of competitive situations, the countries were never engaged in direct warfare. Their ideologies differed and the rivals were engaged in an arms race, but it did not lead to any major war. Thus, options b, c and d are true regarding the Cold War, but option a is false.