Q13 of 46 Page 1

Explain the interplay of military and democracy in Pakistan from 1947 till 2001.

Since its inception and independence in 1947, Pakistan has failed to create a stable democracy in the country. Power has shifted between democratically elected Presidents and military rule. Military has often been established when the socially dominant clergy, military and landowning aristocrats overthrew the democratic governments.


• General Ayub Khan took over the administration of the country and was also elected once Pakistan framed its constitution.


• He was followed by a military takeover under General Yahya Khan who faced the crisis of 1971 and lost control of the erstwhile East Pakistan after losing the war to India.


• This was followed by an elected government under Zulfikkar Ali Bhutto from 1971 to 1977.


• General Zia ul Haq removed this government in 1977 but was faced by a pro-democracy movement from 1982.


• This led to the establishment of the Benazir Bhutto government in 1982 through elections.


• This phase lasted till 1999 when General Pervez Musharaff removed the then Prime Minister Nawaz Shariff. The General got himself elected as the President in 2001.


• Since then Pakistan has been ruled by the military.


More from this chapter

All 46 →
11

Why did the Soviet Union collapse in spite of Gorbachev’s accurate diagnosis of the problem and his attempt to implement reforms ? Explain any four reasons.

OR


Why did most of the institutions of the Soviet system need reforms during late 1970s ? Explain any four reasons.


 12

Describe US hegemony as a hard power, with the help of any two examples.

 14

Elaborate upon any four components of traditional notion of security.

OR


Explain any four security challenges facing the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa after the end of the Second World War.


 15

Examine any four arguments against globalisation that have emerged from all over the globe.