Elaborate upon any four components of traditional notion of security.

OR

Explain any four security challenges facing the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa after the end of the Second World War.

Four important components of traditional notion of security are-

a) ‘Deterrence’ is a form of security policy that is concerned with preventing war.

b) A nation must fight against the enemy and defend themselves in case war has already started.

c) A nation needs to build up its military powers in order to maintain balance of power, which is the third traditional notion of security.

d) Another traditional component of security is alliance building. This can be understood through the examples of NATO established by the US and the WARSAW Pact created by the erstwhile USSR.

OR

The newly independent countries of Asia and Africa faced different security challenges than the countries of Europe after the Second World War.

a. These countries were newly independent and lacked stable governments. This not only made them vulnerable to external threats but also to internal threats like military coups, insurgency etc.

b. These countries were often embroiled in disputes with their neighbouring countries over borders, territories, control of resources or population.

c. These countries had a diverse population base and internally had to deal with threats from separatist movements who aimed for their own freedom and state.

d. Often the internal and external threats merged when internal extremist groups were aided by external neighbouring countries through arms and personnel supply.