Q10 of 46 Page 1

Assess any two factors that were responsible for Indira Gandhi’s popularity after the mid-term elections of 1971.

Two reasons responsible for Indira Gandhi’s popularity after the mid-term elections of 1971 are as follows –


• Nationalisation of banks


• Enabled by the socialist orientation prevalent at that time and the popular slogan of ‘garibi hatao’ it created a ‘people-friendly’ and benefactor of the underprivileged image of Indira Gandhi.



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Why has the period of Indian politics in the 1950s been described as the ‘Congress system’ ? Give any two reasons.

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Bharatiya Jana Sangh was different from other parties in terms of ideology and programmes. Validate the statement by giving two relevant arguments.


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Why did the villagers of Orissa protest against setting up of industries ?

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Highlight any two features of the system of mixed economy in India.


 11

Why did the Soviet Union collapse in spite of Gorbachev’s accurate diagnosis of the problem and his attempt to implement reforms ? Explain any four reasons.

OR


Why did most of the institutions of the Soviet system need reforms during late 1970s ? Explain any four reasons.


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Describe US hegemony as a hard power, with the help of any two examples.